Body+image

__ -Nature of the concern: __ The transition to adulthood is a time of rapid physical growth where bodies change shape. Combined with social pressures such as stereotypical media images, eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia may develop. It includes both physical and psychological consequences such as depression, amenorrhoea, irregular heart rhythm, seizure and kidney failure (prolonged use of laxatives), fertility damage etc.
 * __ Disordered Eating Patterns and Eating Disorders __**

__ -Extent of the impact: __ __ -Groups most at risk: __ __ -Nature of the concern: __ Fat is deposited on our bodies when the energy (kilojoules) we consume from food and drink is greater than the energy we use up in activities and at rest. Small imbalances over long periods of time can cause you to become overweight or obese. Problems associated with obesity include;
 * 1 in 5 female students are estimated to be bulimic
 * Anorexia nervosa is the third most common chronic illness for teenage girls in Australia
 * Young, well-educated, white females from middle-class families
 * Increasing numbers of males are also now suffering from eating disorders
 * __ Obesity __**
 * Hypertension
 * Heart disease
 * Anxiety
 * Depression
 * Can cause diabetes in adulthood

__ -Extent of the impact: __ __ -Groups most at risk: __ __ Nature of the concern: __ - Suicidal thoughts and behaviours - Severe depression - Violent aggression (Roid Rage) - Production of testosterone in women __ The extent of impact: __ __ The groups of young people most at risk: __
 * Previous = 22.8% (2008)
 * Current = 1 in 3 (33.3%) of 16-24 year olds; which has increased from previous years
 * May be genetic
 * Low SES: depends on the availability of nutritious food options
 * Those with a lack of knowledge regarding nutritional requirements are more likely to be obese
 * __ Muscle Enhancement Techniques __**
 * Muscle enhancement techniques are usually taken in the form of a pill and maintain a prime purpose to build and strengthen muscle. However there are problems and side affects which accompany the use of such substances:
 * Athletes and sports orientated young people
 * Males- wanting to enhance body image


 * __ -Major related social factors __**** : **
 * **__ Social Factor __** || **__ Influence __** ||
 * SES || People of low SES are more likely to access fast foods which are cheap and contribute to obesity. Middle class are more likely to be affected by media images/messages but don’t have access to a range of services (e.g. counselling, dieticians, personal trainers etc.) that will enable them to healthily achieve these aspirations. ||
 * Employment || Young people employed in blue collar work (builders, plumbers etc) are more likely to eat poorly and consequently be overweight. White collar workers tend to have higher levels of education, have health care and a more disposable income to spend on health promoting services ||
 * Education || (This is also linked to employment) Less educated people are more likely to suffer obesity as they do not understand the risks of eating unhealthy foods and physical inactivity. Educated girls are most likely to suffer eating disorders (this is because education is linked with SES and employment and they are most influenced by media images) ||
 * Gender || Females are more likely to suffer from poor body image and develop anorexia and bulimia whereas males will resort to muscle enhancement techniques ||
 * Ethnicity || Anglo-Saxon woman are most likely to have poor self-esteem concerning their own body image as they are the target group for media which presents waif-like models. Other cultures, such as Jamaica and Samoa, are generally happy with their body image as ‘fuller’ woman are seen as more attractive (however risk of obesity is present) ||
 * Aboriginality || ||
 * Geographical Location || Those in rural areas are less affected by the media’s influence and are generally very active so they have better body image. Urban areas are more affected. Those living near the beach may be more conscious of their body as they are always wearing swimmers. ||
 * Sexual Orientation || ||
 * Peer Influence || Positive influences can support the way you look and improve ones self-esteem. Negative influences may result in disordered eating patterns or muscle enhancement techniques in an attempt to fit in. ||
 * Health promotion**

Critically analyse a health promotion program designed to promote the health of young people related to each of the **two** areas of concern being investigated

- Yes, I believe young people are the target group as I believe they are the most easily influenced by the media images of beautiful supermodels in magazines. This provides a realistic look at how these rea constructed. - The ad gives a realistic view of the media industry. The irony is that dove sells beauty products - It was downloaded 12 million times in the first year - It addresses some of the social factors such as peer influence, gender, ethnicity and education. This is considered relatively effective as it addresses most of the factors specific for the issue of body image. However it is interesting to note that most women in these campaigns are white, anglo-saxon females. - The only means of empowering them is through visual literacy, by dispelling the myths of image - This ad invites the community to reflect on the impact of media, but it doesn’t facilitate community participation in the text book definition sense - The ad provides young people with may skills, including building positive health concepts, developing a sense of connectedness, creating a sense of future (personal action and social action), social action - **Evaluation =** Good as it addresses quite a number of skills. Also well known and reaches many areas of society. One area that it does fall down in is that it doesn’t support cultural diversity, as all the people are anglo-saxon.

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[|Campaign for real beauty] [|Youth Beyond Blue]

- **Talk:** - **Seek help:**
 * This campaign focuses on highlighting the link between depression and eating disorders.
 * It promotes awareness of different forms of depression which may lead to eating disorders, and encourages individuals to take social action --> this is done through recent advertising.
 * Related to National Depression Initiative.
 * The social action which individuals are encouraged to take is evident through the slogan of the campaign:
 * -** **Look:** for signs of depression
 * - Listen:** to friends advice and experiences

[|Reachout] [|SANE]

[|Eating Disorders Foundation] [|Mindmatters]


 * ** Criteria ** || ** Checklist **
 * Yes/No ** ||
 * Are young people the target group? || ||
 * Does the health promotion program focus on the major cause/s of morbidity and mortality in young people?
 * risk taking and road related injury
 * substance abuse
 * stress and coping
 * sexuality
 * body image
 * violence || ||
 * Does the health promotion campaign recognise the social factors that impact on the lives of young people?
 * SES
 * education
 * employement
 * gender
 * ethnicity
 * Aboriginality
 * geographic location
 * sexual orientation
 * peer influence || ||
 * Does the health promotion program encompass the new public health approach?
 * empowering young people
 * community participation
 * recognition of social determinants || ||
 * Does the health promotion program develop the skills young people need to cope effectively with their health and life?
 * building positive health concepts
 * developing a sense of connectedness
 * promoting an acceptance & valuing cultural diversity
 * developing health literacy & accessing skills
 * coping skills
 * social problem solving skills
 * supportive networks
 * creating a sense of future
 * social action || ||

= =

Skills & actions
Investigate ways of improving health outcomes of young people in the **two** areas of concern in the context of examining the skills and actions identified in the next focus question.

**Resources**
http://www.aihw.gov.au/publications/index.cfm/title/10451 http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcpdf.nsf/ByPDF/Body_image_for_men_and_women/$File/Body_image_for_men_and_women.PDF [] [] http://www.reachout.com.au/index.asp?mci=3&mwi=2&tii=14 [] [] [] [] [] [] [|http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/health-public-affairs/publications/steroids/pdf/anabolic-steroids.pdf] http://online.curriculum.edu.au/mindmatters/about/about.htm [|http://www.asnsw.health.nsw.gov.au/health-public-affairs/familyhelpkit/pdf/familyhelpkit.pdf]

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