Social+factors

- When young people have low SES they are more likely to- have higher instance of alcohol abuse, develop poor eating habits, use physical violence to solve problems, develop an anti-work ethic and have higher rates of teenage pregnancy. - Males earn more money than females - Average weekly income= $234 (15-19) $570 (20-24)   -  Low SES contributes to development of CVD, diabetes and hypertension due to unhealthy habits - 2004- the most common hardship experienced by young people (15-24) was not being able to pay electricity, gas or telephone bills on time || - Young people from a lower SES tend to be disadvantaged due to the environment, their behaviour, financial status and schooling. · - Youth from high SES tend to have a greater access to a variety of sources e.g. financial resources supporting education. || -  A higher proportion of young people who were employed rated their health as excellent or very good in comparison to those who were unemployed - Unemployment rates for young people 15-24 have shown a general decline over the last decade - Decrease in the number of young people in the labour work force due to an increase participation in education   || · - A stable job provides for financial income which supports housing, food, water, electrical bills etc. · - Unemployment can minimise the potential of fulfilling wellbeing. || -  Most year seven students met the national bench marks for reading, writing and numeracy in 2004 - The proportion of students who have completed year 12 has increased significantly since 1980 when only 35% of children beginning secondary school progressed to year 12 - The proportion of young people whose quality of life measure was ‘mostly dissatisfied, unhappy or terrible’ was highest among those who completed school up until year 9 - Young people who leave school before completing year 10 or year 12 limit their chances of getting a job as the majority of employers require post secondary schooling qualifications  || ·  - A higher education tends to result in better employment therefore higher income · -  Low education tends to result in teen pregnancy, low income · - More pressure to attend or continue to tertiary education || - One fifth of young men have experienced actual or threatened violence - The death rate for young indigenous males was almost twice that for young indigenous females - Males are approximately 5 times more likely to be reported as victims of robbery than females. Females are nearly twice as likely to be reported as victims of kidnapping or abduction - In 2004 and 2005 50% of young females compared to 40% of young males reported moderate to very high levels of psychological distress  || ·  -  Young women tend to be more conscious of their own health and visit the doctor more frequently for medical treatment than males · -  Females tend to experience problems associated with menstruation, urinary tract infections and reproduction · -  Young men tend to have more injuries due to risk taking behaviours e.g. work related accidents  || - cultural beliefs about physical activity and body image can impact significantly on the attainment of good health - the longer a migrant lives in Australia the more likely they are to develop unhealthy lifestyles and increase their risk of associated disease such as CVD - when young migrant people adopt the values of their peer group, which conflict with those of their parents, considerable stress and conflict occurs  || ·  -  Cultural beliefs about physical activity and body image can impact significantly on the attainment of good health. · -  Restriction placed on female participation in some cultures · -  Young migrant people adopting values of their peer group may conflict with their parents  || - Assault was the leading external cause of injury among indigenous young people, accounting for 33% of all injury hospital separations - Rates for asthma and diabetes are much higher for ATSI young people - The leading cause of death is suicide - One in two young indigenous young people aged 18-24 yrs are current daily smokers - Around 14% of young indigenous reported as not using contraception  || ·  -   ATSI tend to have higher death and morbidity rates, higher level of substance use and lower levels of education and employment. · -  Factors including geographic isolation and access to care, socio economic differences, greater exposure to risk of injury and lack of indigenous health care contributes to the health disadvantage  || - young people in rural and remote areas have reduced employment opportunities, and worse health compared to those in metropolitan areas - exposed to harsher environments and the nature as the nature of rural work is dangerous, therefore increasing the risk of injury and disability - limited access to social services puts young people at greater risk of suicidal behaviour  || -  exposed to harsher environments therefore increasing risk of injury and disability - in rural and remote areas there is a reduction in employment opportunities, resulting in long term unemployment and limited access to social services. Young people are at a greater risk for suicidal behaviour - Young people living in metropolitan areas have greater opportunities such as educational facilities and health services  || - 8-9% of young people reported feelings of same sex attraction - homosexual experimentation may be part of sexual development and contribute to the establishment of a young persons self identity - Homophobic attitudes may lead young gay people to hide their sexuality and this may lead to feelings of self loathing and denial. This may also be linked to lowered self esteem and negative body image - The incidence of suicide and parasuicide is high among young gay teens. || - impacts their self esteem and their acceptance in the community - homophobic attitudes may result in many young gay people hiding their sexuality may result in higher chances of suicide and parasuicide  || - peer influence can be either positive i.e. the provision of a support network to promote good health practices or negative i.e. encouragement of health compromising behaviours (smoking, drinking, drug taking, pressure to participate in sexual intercourse or social isolation and alienation)   || -  positive impact include the promotion of good health practices and physical and emotional support - negative influences include being involved in risk taking behaviours such as engaging in sexual intercourse at an early age and may result in getting an STI.; and social isolation and alienation which increases the risk of depression and suicidal behaviour  ||   ||   ||
 * Social factors that impact on the health of young people**
 * ~ Social Factor ||~ Definition ||~ **Social data** and diversity ||~ Impact on the health of young people ||
 * Socioeconomic status || Refers to the household income and social status  ||
 * Employment || To be financially supported by a job  ||
 * education || Knowledge gained from schooling  ||
 * Gender || Differences between sexes  ||
 * Ethnicity || Refers to cultures  ||
 * Aboriginality || Refers to people of aboriginal descent  ||
 * Geographical location || Place of residence  ||
 * Sexual orientation || Sexual preference linked with thoughts and behaviour  ||
 * Peer influence || Support network of people of similar age  ||

**Resources**
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