How+should+the+major+types+of+injuries+and+medical+conditions+be+managed+in+first+aid+situations?.



cuts and lacerations fractures dislocations head injuries and concussion eye injuries nasal injuries burn injuries teeth injuries electrocution chest injuries abdominal injuries || * identify signs and symptoms, and primary management for each injury and medical condition
 * Students learn about: || Students learn to: ||
 * * management of injuries

- A cut is one of the easiest medical conditions to diagnose. - A cut can be obscured by blood. - Direct pressure should be placed on the wound. - Medication to numb the area may be given, such as aesthetic, or topical aesthetic. - Clean the wound with fresh water. - Some minor cuts can be closed with a band-aid. - Tissue glue can be used as a barrier against common bacteria. - Deeper cuts may need stitches to repair deep structures. - Stitches to the skin surface can help to stop bleeding, protect underlying tissues and lessen scarring.
 * apply bandages, slings and splints appropriately in the treatment of particular injuries ||
 * __ Cuts and Lacerations __**
 * // Overview //**
 * // Signs and Symptoms and primary management //**
 * // Applying appropriate treatment of particular injury //**

- A fracture is a break or crack in the bone. A fracture can be open, closed or complicated according to the state of the bone. - Tenderness - Swelling - Deformity - Discolouration - Apply a cold pack to the area that is fractured to decrease swelling and relieve the pain. - Splint the fracture, to reduce the pressure of the fractured bones. - Extreme pain may be reduced by pain relief tablets. - Do NOT attempt to force the bone back in place.
 * __ Fractures __**
 * // Overview //**
 * // Signs and Symptoms and primary management //**
 * // Applying appropriate treatment of particular injury //**

Dislocations are injuries to the joints and occur when two or more bones join together. Dislocations are most common in the fingers and shoulders. They also occur in the hips, elbows, jaw and knees.
 * __Dislocations:__**

There are a variety of signs when someone dislocates a part of their body and these include: > The symptoms of a dislocation include:
 * Visibly deformed or out of place
 * Swollen
 * Discoloured
 * tenderness
 * bruising on injured side
 * Intensely painful
 * Immovable
 * Tingling feeling
 * Numbing around the area

Treatments for dislocations depend on the joint that has been dislocated, however, initial treatment is to perform RICE – rest, ice, compression and elevation. In some cases, the dislocated joint could heal naturally after RICE has been executed. If the dislocation remains, other practices include manipulation, immobilization, medication, rehabilitation and surgery.
 * Manipulation includes repositioning the joint back into place. Anesthetic is provided to allow the individual to remain comfortable as well as the muscles near the joint to relax, easing the procedure.
 * Immobilization is when an individual may need to wear a sling or splint for several weeks once the joint has been put back in place. The sling or splint will prevent the joint from moving and allow it to properly heal.
 * If the pain of the dislocation is hard to bear, your doctor may prescribe pain killers or a muscle relaxant.
 * Rehabilitation begins when the joint has been repositioned in place and the sling or splint has been removed. The aim of rehabilitation is to gradually increase the strength of the joint and rebuild its range of motion.
 * Surgery is only required if the dislocation has damaged any nerve cells or blood vessels, or if the doctor is unable to re-position the joint back into place.

- Skull fracture > a Skull fracture is a break in the bone surrounding the brain and other structures within the skull.
 * __ Head Injuries __**
 * // Overview //**

- Brief loss of concussions. - Light-headed. - Headaches. - Blurring vision - Vomiting - Do not apply ice directly to the skin. Ice should be applied for 20-30 minutes at a time and can be repeated about every 2-4 hours as needed. - Use a light washcloth as a barrier and wrap the ice in it. You can also use a bag of frozen vegetables wrapped in cloth. This conforms nicely to the shape of the head. - Antibiotics
 * // Signs and Symptoms and primary management //**
 * // Applying appropriate treatment of particular injury //**

- The term concussion describes an injury to the brain resulting from an impact to the head. - A mild concussion may involve no loss of consciousness (feeling “dazed”) or a very brief loss of consciousness (being “knocked out”). - Loss of consciousness after any trauma to the head - Confusion - Headache - Nausea - Blurred Vision - Loss of short-term memory - Apply ice to the injured area for 20-30minutes, however do not apply the ice directly to the skin, place ice on the
 * __ Concussion __**
 * // Overview //**
 * // Signs and Symptoms and primary management //**
 * // Applying appropriate treatment of particular injury //**

- Eye injuries range from the very minor, such as getting soap in your eye, to catastrophic, resulting in permanent loss of vision. - Pain - Burning - Redness - Wash out the eye/flush water into the eye in case something has entered it. - Nasal injuries range from any bruise, crack or fracture in the bony portion of the nose. - Tenderness - Swelling - Bruising - Nosebleed - Apply cooling to the back of the neck and forehead for approximately 10-15minutes - Elevate the head with pillows etc. to reduce swelling. - Slightly tilt forward whilst softly applying pressure to the soft area of the nostrils - DO NOT tilt the head back as it may cause blood to travel down the throat.
 * __ Eye Injuries __**
 * // Overview //**
 * // Signs and Symptoms and primary management //**
 * // Applying appropriate treatment of particular injury //**
 * __ Nasal Injuries __**
 * // Overview //**
 * // Signs and Symptoms and primary management //**
 * // Applying appropriate treatment of particular injury //**

- Bleeding - Cuts - Facial swelling - Change in tooth colour - If tooth is completely knocked out, then you should rinse and clean the isolated tooth in saline water (purified water) or milk. - Place a cold object near the injured area. - Rinse mouth out with water, to get rid of any sight of blood. - If the tooth is loose, straighten the tooth by splinting it with foil.
 * __ Tooth Injuries __**
 * // Signs and Symptoms and primary management //**
 * // Applying appropriate treatment of particular injury //**

- This is when an electric current runs through a portion of your body. Someone who has been electrocuted may not always show obvious signs at first but they should still be treated as a victim and examined at a hospital. - Burning on the skin where the shock entered and exited the body. - Disorientation. - Eyesight issues. - Depending on the situation, they may be unconscious. - Irregular heartbeat. - Absent or irregular breathing, (their toungue may swell which may interfere with the airway, resulting in respitory failure.) - May experience numbness or tingling of limbs. - Muscle pain or contractions. - Severe electrocution: - //Severe// injuries should be treated with 000. - Treat burns with cool water.
 * __ Electrocution __**
 * // Overview //**
 * // Signs and Symptoms and primary management //**
 * // Applying appropriate treatment of particular injury //**

====The chest contains two of the body’s most important organs, the heart and the lungs. If an injury to this area happens, it could be life threatening especially if the rib cage is damaged. ====
 * __ Chest Injuries __**

Fractured Ribs:
====A simple rib fracture is rarely life-threatening but is painful. The greatest risk associated with fractured ribs is that sharp, broken ends of the bone that can cut or puncture he lungs or heart. ====

__Flail Chest: __
====Flail chest mostly occurs when a section of the rib cage is broken away from the rest of the ribs. A section called “floats” in place and as the patient breathes it moves in the opposite direction to the rest of the chest, (Paradoxical breathing). ====

Penetrating Chest Wound:
====A penetrating chest wound is an open wound, through which air can be brought in and out of the chest cavity. This can lead to the collapse of a lung and pooling of blood in the area. They can be any size depending on the object that has caused the damage, may involve fractured ribs or punctured lungs. ====

====Fractured ribs also have no visible wound, it’s caused by a direct blow such as being hit by a heavy object. Patient will experience chest pain and will be taking short and rapid breaths plus experience tenderness at the site of injury. ====

====A penetrating chest wound is generally an open wound, cause by an object piercing the body which might have been caused by a car accident or knife attack. Patient will experience pain at the site of the wound and experience pain and difficulty in breathing. You may hear the sound of air being sucked into the chest and blood stained bubbles will be forming around the wound. The patient may lose consciousness. Someone suffering a penetrating chest wound they may also have fractured ribs or a flail chest. ====

Management-
Management of a Flail Chest: 1.Follow DRSABCD. 2. If patient conscious, place patient in a comfortable position (normally half-sitting, leaning to the injured side) 3. If patient unconscious, turn to the injured side, in a recovery position. 4.Loosen tight clothing. 5. Place a large bulky dressing over the loose area with a firm bandage.

Management of a Penetrating Chest Wound:1.Follow DRSABCD. 2.Place patient in whatever position makes breathing easiest. 3. Cover the wound – use the patient’s or your own gloved hand. 4.Cover wound with a dressing, such as plastic sheet, bag, aluminium foil or sterile dressing. 5. Seal with tape on three sides (not bottom), to allow fluid to escape. 6. Call triple zero for an ambulance. Management of Fractured Ribs: 1.Follow DRSABCD. 2.Place patient in comfortable position. 3. Encourage the patient to breathe with short breaths. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">4. Gently place ample padding over the injured area. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5.Apply one or two broad bandages, securing arm and padding to chest on injured side. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">6.Tie bandages in front on uninjured side. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">7.Immobilise the arm using a St John sling or collar and cuff sling. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">8.Call triple zero for an ambulance. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chest Injuries – Summary Chest injuries are painful, complicated and potentially life threatening. As a first aider you must concentrate on: · Ensuring that the patient's breathing and circulation are maintained, the injured parts are immobilised and the patient is kept as comfortable as possible. The most comfortable position, which will assist breathing, is half-sitting, leaning to the injured side. You should continue to monitor the patient's condition until medical aid arrives. You should also treat a patient with chest injuries for shock. - The injured person should be position with the injured side down. - The injured person should be given pure oxygen to breathe. - CPR may be necessary
 * // Applying appropriate treatment of particular injury //**

**__ //Abdominal injuries// __** **// Overview: //** Causes of abdominal could be Motor Vehicles accidents, falls on hard surfaces, or someone being crushed. //** Signs and Symptoms: **// - Pain, grunting breathing, nausea, and/or vomiting, pallor, bruising and tenderness at injury site - Blood in the urine or escaping from the genitals or anus - Casualty in shock // **Applying appropriate treatment:** // 1) DRABCD 2) Loosen clothing and lay the causality on their back with head and shoulders raised and rolled up a towel or blanket under their knees.3) Ensure casuality does not eat or drink; if they are thirsty moist their lips.  3) Ensure casuality does not eat or drink; if they are thirst moist there lips. 4) Seek urgent medical advice

__**Management of Medical Conditions**__

Genetic or hereditary factors. High blood pressure Smoking Heavy fat diet || Chest pains Upper body aches Short of breathe Nausea || Chest pain Anxiety Fainting Palpitations Shortness of breathe Dizziness || Diabetes Family history High cholesterol || Loss of balance Numbness Blurred vision Severe headaches Difficulty speaking || Muscle weakness Difficulty speaking, seeing, taste and hearing Loss of memory || Treatments-
 * ** Medical Condition ** || ** Causes and Management ** || ** Signs ** || ** Symptoms ** ||
 * ** Heart Attack ** || Blood clots blocking the coronary arteries. These arteries bring blood and oxygen to the heart.If the flow is blocked heart cells die as there is no oxygen.
 * ** Stroke ** || When the blood vessel to the brain ruptures or gets blocked.
 * ** Diabetes ** || High levels of sugar in the blood because the body either produces little or no insulin, or cannot use insulin properly.
 * Eat a healthy, balanced diet that's low in fat, salt and sugar.
 * Eat a healthy, balanced diet that's low in fat, salt and sugar.

To minimise your risk of these problems: Frequent urination || Fatigue Blurred vision Frequently needing to urinate
 * Maintain a healthy weight.
 * Don't smoke.
 * Get active for 30 minutes a day, five times a week.
 * Check your feet every day. The nerve damage that can occur in diabetes most commonly affects feet.
 * Keep your appointments and regular check-ups with your diabetes care team.
 * Monitor blood levels || Excessive thirst

Feeling very thirsty Urinating frequently, particularly at night Feeling very tired Weight loss and loss of muscle bulk. || Side affects from drugs or missed medications Head injuries Excessive amount of alcohol Photosensitivy Diet Stress || Muscle spasms Feeling strange sensations in your body Feeling spacey, "fuzzy" or confused. Day dreaming episodes Tingling, numbing or feelings of electricity in the body. || Loss of consciousness Aggressive convulsions Tingling or numbness 'zone out' or stare into space muscle twitches || Muscles around the airway contracts Allergies from: -C hronic inflammatory chronic inflammatory
 * ** Epilepsy ** || Anything that changes the normal pattern of functioning of the brain
 * ** Asthma ** || Swelling in the airways
 * - ** Dust
 * - ** Pollen etc

Change in weather || Coughing Chest tightening Shortness of breathe || Difficulties breathing Coughing Spasms of the muscles Shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing. || Toxic reactions so some drugs such as morphine Response from allergens || Skin redness Hives or welts Swelling of the tongue Tightness in throat || Abdominal pains Anxiety Nausea Diarrhoea || Ingesting toxic chemicals from either household items or the workplace: consuming large amounts of medicines: Eating or drinking insufficient cooked or prepared foods and drinks:
 * ** Anaphylaxes ** || Exposure to certain substances such as bee stings
 * ** Poisoning ** || ===**__ How an individual could get poisoned: __**===
 * e.g. bleach, nail polish remover, deodorant/perfume, pesticides, acids, pool chemicals, hair dye and solvents.
 * such as prescription medicines, over the counter (OTC) medicines, herbal products and sleeping and sedative pills.
 * for example, undercooked chicken, fruits and vegetables and eggs.

**__Management:__**
Change in behaviour Signs of fear || Nausea Convulsions Sweating Unconsciousness || Redness Rashes || Itchiness Pain Anaphylaxes ||
 * 1) Always perform DRSABCD as the first treatment
 * 2) Call up the Poisons Information Centre at 131126
 * 3) DO NOT induce vomiting for corrosive and high toxicity poisons as they will cause even more damage on the way back up
 * 4) ONLY induce vomiting if it is a must and the poisoned individual has consumed low toxicity substances and/or contracted food poisoning. || Unusual smell in breathe
 * ** Bites and Stings ** || Provoking animals/insects || Swelling

ELECTROCUTION Electrocution occurs when a person comes into contact with an electrical energy source. Electrical energy flows through a portion of the body causing a shock. Exposure to electrical energy may result in no injury at all or may result in serious damage. A person who has had an electrical accident may have the following signs and symptoms: An electric current can have a variety of effects on the body. Some of the damage can be immediate and some can occur over a 24 hour period. The body can be affected in these ways: EPILEPSY Epilepsy is a neurological condition to which the person can have reccuring seizures. It can be developed at any age regardless of gender, ethnic group or intellectual ability. Actions are controlled by the brain cells which communicate with regular electrical impulses. Seizures occur when uncontrolled electrical activity disrupts the pattern, this results in movements to become uncontrolled and confused. The majority of people diagnosed with epilepsy are able to control their seizures with medication.
 * Signs and Symptoms **
 * Burns on the skin surface where the energy entered and exited thebody.
 * Dazed and confused condition.
 * Problems with sight.
 * Paralysis (from disrupted nerve pathways).
 * Irritable or restless, whether conscious or unconscious.
 * [[image:http://pdhpe.wikispaces.com/site/embedthumbnail/placeholder?w=200&h=144 width="200" height="144" align="left"]]Weak, irregular, or absent pulse.
 * Irregular heartbeat or cardiac arrest.
 * Blood pressure elevated or low with signs and symptoms of shock.
 * Shallow, irregular, or absent breathing.
 * Multiple fractured bones and dislocations from intense muscularcontractions or from falling.
 * Seizures.
 * Effects on the Body**
 * Broken bones and bruises
 * Muscular contraction damage- can cause blood pressure to become extremely high.
 * Primary management and First Aid treatment**
 * DRSABCD is always applied first- this includes:
 * o **Look first. Don't touch.**
 * § The person may still be in contact with the electrical source.
 * § Touching the person may pass the current through you.
 * o **Turn off the source of electricity, if possible.**
 * § If not, move the source away from you and the person, using a dry, non conducting object made of cardboard, plastic or wood.
 * **o** **Prevent shock.**
 * § Lay the person down and, if possible, position the head slightly lower than the trunk with the legs elevated.
 * Do not move the person as it might pose danger.
 * Do not touch high voltage wires until turned off.
 * Do not touch high voltage wires until turned off.

EYE INJURIES


 * Injuries to the eye can cause many different symptoms; some of the most common types are outlined below. **


 * Types of eye injuries are: **


 * ** Corneal abrasions **
 * ** Uveitis **
 * ** Foreign bodies **
 * ** Chemical burn **


 * Signs and symptoms of any of these eye injuries include: **


 * eye pain
 * sensitivity to light (photophobia)
 * increase in tears produced by the eye
 * blurred or distorted vision
 * squinting caused by the muscle surrounding the eye going into spasm
 * feeling that something is in your eye and can't be removed
 * red inflamed eye
 * increase in tears produced by the eye
 * headache
 * A visible foreign body in the cornea
 * Difficulty keeping the eye open

When to seek medical advice
Speak to your GP immediately if you have any of the following:


 * persistent eye pain
 * foreign bodies that can't be washed out
 * blurred and decreased vision
 * flashing lights, spots or shapes made up of shadows in your field of vision
 * redness in the eye, particularly around your iris (the coloured part of the eye that controls the amount of light that enters)
 * pain when exposed to bright light
 * an eye injury as a result of an object hitting your eye at high speed

A **cut** refers to a skin wound with separation of the connective tissues elements. Unlike an abrasion (a wound caused by friction or scraping), none of the skin is missing the skin is just separated. A cut is typically thought of as a wound caused by a sharp object (such as a knife or a shard of glass). The term **laceration** implies a torn or jagged wound. Lacerations tend to be caused by blunt trauma (such as a blow, fall, or collision). Cuts and lacerations are terms for the same condition. The term **gash** can be used for more dramatic effect because it implies a longer or deeper cut. An **avulsion** refers to a wound where tissue is not just separated but torn away from the body. After you suffer a cut you often bleed. Other concerns with a cut include infection, pain, damage to structures beneath the skin, and future scars. Although it can be obscured by blood, a cut is one of the easiest medical conditions to diagnose. A deep cut, may reveal underlying tissues such as fat, tendon, muscle, or bone. Some people faint at the sight of their own blood (this is a neurological reaction in which a reflex slowing of the heart causes a [|low blood pressure] called [|vasovagal syncope]). Physicians need to distinguish this common faint from people who pass out from loss of blood (hemorrhagic [|shock]).
 * Cuts or Lacerations Overview **
 * Cuts or Lacerations Symptoms **


 * Call 000 if: **
 * ** A cut is bleeding severely **
 * ** Blood is spurting out **
 * ** Bleeding can't be stopped after 10 minutes of firm and steady pressure **

Continue reading below... Call a health care provider if:
 * Take the following steps for minor cuts. **
 * 1. Stop the Bleeding **
 * Apply direct pressure on the area.
 * 2. Clean and Protect **
 * Clean the area with warm water and gentle soap.
 * Apply an antibiotic ointment to reduce chance of infection.
 * Put a sterile bandage on the area. In some people, antibiotic ointments may cause a rash. If this happens, stop using the ointment.
 * 3. Call a Health Care Provider **
 * The cut is deep or over a joint
 * You cannot get the cut or laceration clean
 * The injury is a deep puncture wound or the person has not had a recent (within the last 5 to 10 years) tetanus shot or booster
 * The cut is from a human or animal bite
 * 4. Follow Up **
 * For a minor cut or laceration, remove bandage after a couple of days to promote healing.
 * See a health care provider if the cut doesn't heal or shows signs of infection, including redness, swelling, pus, or excessive pain

Sever burns- painless, cause white or charred area. || * blisters __Signs__ //Some signs of teeth injuries include:// __Symptoms__ //Some symptoms of teeth injuries include:// __Treatment__ //Some treatments for teeth injuries include:// __Signs__ //Some signs of bites and stings include:// __Symptoms__ //Some symptoms of bites and stings include:// __Treatment__ //Some treatments for bits and stings include://
 * __Burns__**
 * __ Issue __ || __ Signs __ || __ Symptoms __ || __ Treatment __ ||
 * Burns || Minor burns- painful, cause reddening and blistering.
 * peeling skin
 * red skin
 * shock
 * swelling
 * wheezing
 * voice changes || * Run cold water under the burn. (do not apply ice)
 * Medical treatment as soon as possible. ||
 * Teeth Injuries**
 * Tooth damage
 * Bleeding or bruising
 * Facial fracture
 * Swelling
 * Tooth or bite change
 * Headache
 * Bleeding
 * Pain
 * Apply cold pack or ice cubes to the affected area
 * If tooth falls out, keep it in milk or saliva
 * Assess over a week, being observant of worsening signs
 * Visit a dentist promptly or call an ambulance
 * Bites and Stings**
 * A sore or puncture mark
 * A rash or allergic reaction
 * Redness
 * Sensitivity in the area
 * Itching
 * Mild burning
 * Localized or minor swelling or pain
 * Nausea
 * DRSABCD (danger, response, send for help, airway, breathing, CPR, defibrillation)
 * If possible, attempt to move the causality to prevent further injury
 * Apply ice or use medication to reduce swelling and pain
 * Wash the sting or bite with water (if not venomous )

=What is Diabetes?=

Diabetes is a chronic condition. This means that it lasts for a long time, often for someone's whole life.

For our bodies to work properly we need to convert glucose (sugar) from food into energy. A hormone called insulin is essential for the conversion of glucose into energy.

In people with diabetes, insulin is no longer produced or not produced in sufficient amounts by the body.

So when people with diabetes eat glucose, which is in foods such as breads, cereals, fruit and starchy vegetables, legumes, milk, yoghurt and sweets, it can’t be converted into energy. Instead of being turned into energy the glucose stays in the blood. This is why blood glucose levels are higher in people with diabetes.

An estimated 280 Australians develop diabetes every day. The 2005 Australian AusDiab Follow-up Study (Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study) showed that 1.7 million Australians have diabetes but that up to half of the cases of type 2 diabetes remain undiagnosed. By 2031 it is estimated that 3.3 million Australians will have type 2 diabetes. There is no doubt diabetes is a serious health crisis but it’s not all bad news. Up to 58% of cases of type 2 can be prevented and we know that good blood glucose control and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can significantly improve the complications associated with diabetes.

Fast Facts
> > 120,000 people with type 1 diabetes > 956,000 people with type 2 diabetes > 23,600 women with gestational diabetes
 * 280 Australians develop diabetes every day
 * Over 100,000 Australians have developed diabetes in the past year.
 * Diabetes is the fastest growing chronic condition in Australia
 * Almost 1.1 million Australians currently have diagnosed diabetes. This includes:

=// Are You at Risk? //=

In Australia, nearly two thirds of men and half of all women are overweight or obese. This is a key factor in the alarming rise of type 2 diabetes. Yet up to 60 per cent of diabetes cases could be prevented, or at least delayed, by people maintaining a healthy weight. The main keys to long-term weight loss and reducing your waist measurement are healthy eating and regular physical activity. Type 2 diabetes often runs in families

= = =__**STROKE**__= = What is a stroke ? = A stroke happens when blood supply to the brain is interrupted. Blood is carried to the brain through arteries. Blood contains oxygen and important nutrients for your brain cells. Blood may be interrupted or stop moving through an atery, because the artery is blocked.

Prevent Strokes – The second single biggest killer and the leading cause of disability amongst adults in Australia. 1 in 6 will suffer from a stroke. Behind this statistic are real lives. Strokes can happen to anyone so it is important to know your stroke risk. Stroke is nowhere near a heart attack. A stroke occurs when the supply of blood is suddenly disrupted. Blood may stop moving through the artery because the artery is blocked by a clot or plaque, or in some case the artery breaks or bursts. When blood stops flowing, the brain does not get the oxygen it needs, the brain cells in the area dies and permanent damage can be done. Some strokes are fatal, where as others cause permanent or temporary disability. It is important to understand that stroke can be prevented. .


 * External Links**


 * ** [|http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au] **
 * ** [|http://www.ehealthmd.com] **
 * ** [|http://www.nlm.nih.gov] **
 * ** [|http://www.nhlbi.nih.govl] **
 * ** [|http://www.health.wa.gov.au] **
 * ** [] **
 * ** [|http://nasdonline.org] **
 * ** [|http://www.emedicinehealth.com] **


 * // [] //**

Hours or days after injury: Symptoms i n children:
 * **Issue** || **Sings and Symptoms** || **Treatment** ||
 * Heart attack- || * Cause mild pain or discomfort.
 * Pain can come and go.
 * People with diabetes may have no symptoms or very mild ones.
 * Chest pain and discomfort.
 * Shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting, unusual tiredness, pain in the back, shoulders and jaw.
 * Depending on what type of heart attack you are having, depends on the type of treatment gets given to you at the hospital. || * Depending on what type of heart attack you are having, depends on the type of treatment gets given to you at the hospital ||
 * Concussion/ head injury - || * Headache or feeling pressure in the head.
 * Temporary loss of consciousness.
 * Confusion.
 * Amnesia.
 * Dizziness.
 * Ringing in the ears.
 * Nausea or vomiting.
 * Slurred speech.
 * Concentration and memory complaints.
 * Personality changes.
 * Sensitivty to light and noise.
 * Sleep disturbance.
 * Depression.
 * Disorders of taste and smell.
 * Listlessness, tiring easily.
 * Irritability.
 * Change in eating or sleeping patterns.
 * Lack of interest in favourite toys.
 * Loss of balance, unsteady walking.
 * Treated in hospital. || * Treated in hospital. [[image:http://www.headsaver.com.au/images/head_big_1.jpg width="235" height="219" caption="Consequences of a head injury"]] ||